DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BETACYANIN-ENCAPSULATED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR ANTIDIABETIC THERAPY
Abstract
Diabetes, affecting over 400 million people globally, can lead to severe complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and limb amputation. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions through solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic effects of antidiabetic agents like quercetin, metformin, and betacyanin. Betacyanin, a natural pigment in red beetroot, possesses strong antioxidant and antidiabetic properties but suffers from poor solubility and stability. This study developed SLNs containing betacyanin using heat homogenization and ultrasonication, with glyceryl monostearate, soya lecithin, and Poloxamer 407 as core ingredients. The formulations were evaluated for particle size, drug entrapment, surface morphology, zeta potential, drug release, and antidiabetic activity. In vitro release studies using Franz diffusion cells showed a sustained release of 91.73% over 8 hours. The optimized SLN batch had a particle size of 279 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 82.71%. Stability studies conducted under ICH guidelines confirmed their robustness over 90 days. The SLNs also demonstrated moderate antidiabetic activity with an IC50 value of 23.25 μg/mL. SLNs have also been reported to reduce α–amylase and α–glucosidase levels for management of diabetes. These findings suggest that betacyanin-loaded SLNs hold significant promise as a stable and effective alternative for controlled drug delivery in diabetes management.
Keywords: Diabetes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), betacyanin, ultrasonication, controlled drug release
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