Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

NANOGUARD: REVOLUTIONIZING SKIN CARE WITH TOPICAL NANOSPONGES – A NOVEL APPROACH TO COMBAT SKIN INFECTIONS

Anchal Sharma — 2024-08-01

Nanosponges are an innovative technique for dermatological formulations that offer controlled release and enhanced efficacy of active substances. This review investigates novel interactions between synthetic and natural components in nanosponge formulations with the goal of revolutionizing dermatological applications. Skin infections are mostly occurring on the skin’s surface, mostly in the epidermis’s upper layers. An effective barrier against external chemicals, including drugs, is provided by the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis. This review focuses on novel techniques to deliver the drug to the target size with accuracy and avoid any negative side effects. The novel formulations combine the therapeutic properties of herbal extracts with the precision of synthetic ingredients to offer enhanced therapeutic effects and a broader variety of applications that might revolutionize the treatment of skin infections. This abstract explores the collaborative potential of merging herbal and synthetic compounds to harness synergies for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

PATTERN OF TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PREECLAMPSIA DURING PREGNANCY

Vaishali Verma — 2024-08-01

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that is now predictable during its advanced stage of severity and that may cause risk to the life of the mother and fetus. Preeclampsia is a condition categorized by increase in systolic blood pressure from ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from ≥90 mmHg on checking at least two times within 4 hours after 20 weeks of pregnancy for those women previously having normal blood pressure and other parameters like with or without proteinuria ≥0.3 gm test in urine within 24 hour or the ratio of protein /creatinine more than 0.3 mg/dl and thrombocytopenia, changes in renal functioning, hepatic dysfunction. In developing countries, preeclampsia is defined as a chief cause of maternal and perinatal mortality rates. Preeclampsia may be responsible for causing premature cardiovascular diseases, such as chronic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and stroke to the mother or pregnant women, whereas children born from women having preeclampsia are at increased risk of such diseases like stroke, congestive heart failure, and metabolic disorder in adult life. For the management of preeclampsia, major factors that are necessary to maintain is screening of women at high risk and prevention from reoccurrence. Three groups of current preeclampsia management are (Preventive measures of preeclampsia, Primary examination, and management).

AN INTENSIVE REVIEW ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PSORIASIS: FUMARIC ACID ESTERS ANALOGS

Priyanka Sharma — 2024-08-01

Psoriasis is a recurring skin condition that occurs due to the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and immune dysregulation. Psoriasis management frequently necessitates using systemic therapies, which include fumaric acid ester analogs (FAEs), methotrexate, TNF inhibitors, and IL-17 inhibitors. The efficacy of FAEs against methotrexate is comparable but has fewer side effects. The most common adverse reactions associated with the treatment of psoriasis are gastrointestinal symptoms (such as bloating), flushing and lymphopenia.
Rare but serious adverse reactions may include hepatitis and renal dysfunction. Methotrexate is an effective treatment; however, it has been linked to hepatitis, gastrointestinal adverse effects, and inhibition of the bone marrow in psoriasis patients. TNF Inhibitors NF-NFinhibitors and TNF-17 inhibitors offer comparable efficacy rates and a faster onset of action to those of other agents but come with increased risks of infections and injection site reactions. TNF inhibitors may raise the risk of autoimmune responses, cancer, and serious
infections. Neutropenia and inflammatory bowel disease may be made worse by IL-17 inhibitors. Treatment-related factors include the mode of administration, the need for monitoring, and any potential financial barriers to access. FAEs are administered orally and require regular monitoring for adverse events, while biologic agents (TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors) are administered subcutaneously or intravenously and necessitate monitoring for infections and malignancies. FAEs are given orally and need to be monitored for adverse reactions, while biologic agents (TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors) are given.

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON SAFETY EVALUATION OF IMMUNIZATION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN

Dr. Raghavendra Kumar Gunda — 2024-08-01

Objective: This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the safety of immunization in infants and children below 1 year of age.

Methods: This study we have observed the immunity in the children of age 0-12 months and followed the list of vaccinations given by the National Immunization Schedule. Data was collected from ANMs (Auxiliary Nurse Midwives or nurse hybrid) and from the immunization book which is provided to parents. A cohort of 150 infants and children of age below 1 year are included in our study.

Results: The most common AEFI reported was fever, followed by swelling. Among the vaccines, Pentavalent & oral polio vaccine (OPV) was majorly responsible for AEFIs, followed by measles and rubella (MR). Severe adverse reactions like Seizures are observed in 3 children for the pentavalent vaccine.

Conclusion: The present research study conclude that these AEFIs are common in children and they are not that much harmful and the socio-economic parameters, life style and food habits also effect the immunization in infants and children.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR BERBERINE QUANTIFICATION

Iti Chauhan — 2024-08-01

Aim: The present work aimed to develop and validate a sensitive, simple, accurate, precise, ruggedness and cost-effective UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Berberine in prepared pharmaceutical formulations of smart lipid nanoparticles.

Methodology: The standard solution was prepared in methanol and a calibration curve was constructed after measuring absorbance. The different analytical performance parameters such as linearity, range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and robustness were determined according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 (R1) guidelines.

Results: Berberine showed a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 418 nm. Beer-Lambert’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1–15 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9922. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was found to be1.565μg/ml and 4.742μg/ml respectively. The precision and repeatability scores were all within acceptable limits. The recovery was found to be between 99.64% and 100.39% The precision and repeatability values were within a 2% tolerance range. Berberine was found to have a purity of 99.64%

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the developed procedure was accurate, precise and reproducible while being easy, environmentally friendly, repeatable, and cost-effective, and it can be used for quantification of berberine in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF TRIPLE THERAPY ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH PROBIOTICS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN H. PYLORI INFECTED PATIENTS

Raghavendra Kumar Gunda

Objective: The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of triple therapy alone or in combination with probiotics to improve the quality of life in H. pylori-infected patients.
Methods: In this prospective observational study, 120 subjects participated. Quality of life instrument for chronic diseases-peptic ulcer (QLICD-PU) scale, which consists of a set of questions, was used to assess the patient’s symptom severity. Based on the QLICD-PU scale, the subjects were divided into categories, i.e., mild, moderate, severe and prescribed with H. pylori- kit in combination with probiotics and reviewed the patient efficacy.
Results: From the analysis of severity score assessed using the QLICD-PU scale, on the first day of the visit, patients with severity were found to be 87% (n = 104), moderate was 13% (n = 16), and mild were 0, and after two follow-ups over a period of 6 months the patients with symptom severity were 0, moderate was 2.5% (n = 95), mild was 77.5% (n = 22) and completely cured subjects were 20% (n = 24).
Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that H. pylori kit shows more effect when prescribed in combination with probiotics than when prescribed alone, as most of the patients prescribed with a combination of H. pylori kit with probiotics attain more effects than the patients prescribed with H. pylori kit alone.

A STUDY ON PRESCRIBING PATTERNS OF ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Raghavendra Kumar Gunda — 2024-08-01

Objective: The main objective of the study is to assess the prescribing patterns of antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in Department of Endocrinology in Sri Care Hospitals, Narasaraopet for a period of 6 months. Patient of both genders who were diagnosed with diabetes were included in the study.

Results: A total of 150 patients were recruited for the study, 53.34% of the patients were males and 46.66% of the patients were females. Most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years i.e 28.6%. This study also revealed the common predominant comorbid condition of 30% with diabetes mellitus. In this study different therapy observed for monotherapy is Insulin in 21 (46.67%), dual therapy is Metformin & Glimepiride in 32 (46.38%), and triple therapy is Metformin + Glimepiride + Voglibose in 22 (61.12%) patients.

Conclusion: This study concludes that prescriptions were rational. Current investigation focussed on rational choice of drug based on demographic data, associated conditions and complications would give additional insights into prescribing patterns in diabetes mellitus

DEVELOPMENT AND IN-VITRO ASSESSMENT OF DIVALPROEX SODIUM BILAYERED TABLETS

Dr. Raghavendra Kumar Gunda — 2024-08-01

Objective: The aim of the current research work is to develop a bi-layered Divalproex sodium tablet with an immediate release layer and a sustained release layer. Divalproex sodium is regarded as the most significant antiepileptic medication and is frequently used to treat bipolar illness, epilepsy, and migraine prevention.

Methods: Wet granulation was used to prepare both (Immediate release, Sustained release) layers since Divalproex had poor flow properties. Superdisintegrants were used to produce the immediate release layer, which was then assessed for physical characteristics, disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release.

Results: For the bi-layered tablet formulation, the optimal immediate release layer (IF6) with the maximum in-vitro release of 98.11 was chosen. Along with in vitro drug release tests, HPMC-K4M and HPMCK100M polymers were utilized in varying amounts and combinations to delay the release of the drug from the sustained release layer. The polymers were also assessed for physical parameters. The Divalproex sodium release is prolonged for more than eighteen hours by the optimized sustained release layer (SF8). Ultimately, Divalproex sodium's chosen sustained release layer and immediate release layer were twice compressed to create bi-layered tablets. The tablets were assessed for their in-vitro drug release, consistent drug content, friability, thickness, hardness, and weight variation. Every physical parameter fell within the pharmacopeial specification's permitted range.

Conclusion: The best formulation (SF₈) contained 26.25 mg of HPMC-K4M and 26.25 mg of HPMC-K100M showed promising results for obtain desired drug release (>90%) after 18 h and may produce patient compliance by means of reducing dosing frequency and provide chronotherapy for effective management of Epilepsy.