Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Descriptive Study of Tibia Shaft Fracture Treatment with Intramedullary (SIGN) Nail in Wazir Mohammad Hospital from March 2023 to September 2024

2026-11-13T18:27:38+0530

Tibial shaft fractures are among the most common and disabling long-bone injuries encountered in orthopedic practice due to the subcutaneous location and weight-bearing nature of the tibia. This descriptive case-series study evaluated 70 patients with closed or Gustilo–Anderson Type I/II open tibial shaft fractures treated with Surgical Implant Generation Network (SIGN) intramedullary nails at Wazir Mohammad Akbar Khan Hospital between March 21, 2023, and September 21, 2024. In total, 196,931 patients attended the hospital, with 17,471 admitted to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, from which 70 consecutive eligible cases were enrolled. Data on patient demographics, fracture mechanisms, treatment outcomes, complications, and follow-up were retrieved from admission registers and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Results revealed that the majority of patients belonged to the 16–25-year age group (n=30, 42.86%), and males comprised 55 cases (78.57%). Laborers formed the largest occupational category (n=25, 35.71%), and 40 patients (57.14%) resided in Kabul city. Falls were the predominant injury mechanism (n=30, 42.86%), followed by road traffic accidents (n=25, 35.71%), plate fixation failure (n=10, 14.29%), and external fixation failure (n=5, 7.14%). Regarding clinical outcomes, 40 patients (57.14%) achieved an excellent result, 20 (28.57%) had a good outcome, and 10 (14.29%) had a poor outcome. Postoperative complications were absent in 50 cases (71.43%), whereas infection occurred in 15 cases (21.43%) and nonunion in 5 cases (7.14%). Follow-up at 6 weeks was attended by 30 patients (42.86%), 20 patients (28.57%) were evaluated at 12 weeks, and 20 patients (28.57%) had no follow-up recorded. In conclusion, SIGN intramedullary nailing demonstrated favorable therapeutic outcomes and low complication rates for tibial diaphyseal fractures in young active males. Standardized postoperative follow-up systems and occupational injury prevention strategies remain essential to optimize long-term clinical recovery

Aspaghol (Plantago ovata Forssk.): A Scoping Review of Unani Concepts, Multi-Omics Profiling and Pharmacotherapeutics

2026-11-13T18:23:44+0530

Background: Aspaghol (Plantago ovata Forssk.) is a medicinal herb renowned for its extensive therapeutic application in the Unani System of Medicine (USM). While the seed husk is primarily recognized as a source of dietary fiber and bulk laxative, there is growing emphasis on its broader pharmacological profile, exhibited by various parts of this plant.
Aim: This review aims to integrate the medicinal applications of Aspaghol within USM, its multi-omics profiling, and a comprehensive evaluation of pharmacological actions.
Materials and Methods: Classical Unani literature was systematically examined alongside electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, for relevant studies available from January 2015 to February 2026. Unani terminology was standardized in accordance with WHO guidelines, while plant taxonomy was verified using the World Flora Online Plant List.
Results: In USM, Aspaghol is characterized as possessing cold and moist temperament. It is also utilized in managing conditions such as Zaḥīr (Dysentery), Saḥj-o-Qurūḥ-i-Am‘ā’ (intestinal abrasion), Rabw (bronchial asthma), Sarsām (meningitis), Khafqān (palpitation), Niqris (gout), and Ḥummā al-Ḥādda (acute fever), among others. Parallelly, evidence from recent meta-analyses establishes its efficacy in managing metabolic syndrome, specifically hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. Concurrently, data from multi-omics studies have identified a rich array of bioactive phytoconstituents across different plant parts, including luteolin, kaempferol, and phenylethanoid glycosides, alongside the development of a reference genome to elucidate their molecular mechanisms.
Conclusion: Aspaghol remains a versatile drug for managing gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal ailments. By synergizing Unani clinical wisdom with contemporary omics driven insights, this review establishes a robust molecular framework for validating these time-honored indications through a reverse pharmacology paradigm, potentially accelerating the transition from ancient empiricism to evidence-based medicine.